Related Jobs or Working with these Jobs
Astronomers apply the principles of physics and mathematics to learn more
about the universe. They gather data on the characteristics of planets,
moons, stars and other objects using telescopes and computer programs.
Astronomers usually specialize in certain types of celestial bodies or
events, such
as black holes. Typical duties include developing and testing
scientific theories, analyzing data and writing research proposals. They
also spend time composing scientific papers and presenting their findings to
others in the field.
ANZSCO ID: 234914
Knowledge, skills and attributes
Astronomers help people understand the mysteries of the universe. They come
up with theories of how stars are born and how the universe evolves, and
they conduct research to collect data for analysis. They use telescopes and
scientific instruments to study planetary phenomena and measure light, radio
and X-ray emissions from space. There’s plenty of work with the public, too.
Some astronomers run planetariums, putting together public presentations or
discussing findings at science conferences. Raising money for research is
part of the job as well.
Astronomers need specific skills for the job. Because the field blends
physics and chemistry, astronomers need to know how to use scientific
methods, such as observation and measurement, to answer research questions.
To solve problems, astronomers need thinking skills, including logic, reason
and judgment. Computer skills help them analyze large data sets or make
complex calculations. Also, communications skills are invaluable.
Astronomers write papers, reports and lecture notes that are technical, but
easy to understand for students, the public and other astronomers.
Public-speaking skills enable astronomers to present findings to peers.
(Source: ingimage - purchased)
Duties and Tasks
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Develops analytical methodologies and techniques to investigate the structure and properties of matter, the relationships between matter and energy, and other physical phenomena.
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Tests the reliability of these methodologies and techniques by performing tests and experiments under various conditions.
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Prepares scientific papers and reports, or supervises their preparation.
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Supervises and co-ordinates the work of technicians and technologists.
Working Conditions
Most astronomers work within a team of scientists. They usually work full
time, although research may also be conducted at night when some objects are
more visible. Astronomers primarily work in offices. At times, they might be
required to work in observatories or to travel internationally to facilities
with specialized equipment. They may also travel when presenting research.
According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), colleges and
universities employed the majority of astronomers in 2015, while others
worked for the federal government or in private research and development
departments. (Source:
Study)
Educational Requirements
Most astronomy positions require a Ph.D. in the field of astronomy, which
usually takes 5-7 years to complete. These programs are likely to contain
courses in astrophysics, stellar and planetary physics, galaxies, cosmology,
interstellar medium and optics. Mathematics and computer science are also
emphasized.
After completing a Ph.D. program, aspiring astronomers often enter one or
more postdoctoral research positions, which can take roughly 2-3 years to
complete. They typically work under senior astronomers before taking on more
complex projects. Astronomers who are employed by the federal government may
need to obtain proper security clearance.
(Source:
Study)
Did You Know? (Source: ingimage - purchased) On July 21st 1969, the world gathered around TV sets and collectively held their breath as Neil Armstrong declared his famous words, "That's one small step for man. One giant leap for mankind," and set foot on the lunar surface for the first time. It's a moment in history that's etched in the memories of people who saw it. It has since transcended the decades to still be a defining moment in the world's modern history. On that cold, squally day in central west NSW, the Parkes Radio Telescope, 'the Dish', played an integral role in getting the television pictures of man first walking on the moon to the world. To cover the landing, NASA was set to use a telescope at Goldstone in California as the main receiver, with Parkes and Honeysuckle Creek near Canberra set to be backups. The Parkes Telescope was chosen due to its size (being 64m in diameter, it had seven times the sensitivity for collecting signals). "NASA wanted to have three stations equally spaced, so as the Earth rotated, they could have continuous coverage," says John Sarkissian, an Operations Scientist for the CSIRO based at the Dish. "The Parkes Radio Telescope was recognised as a world leader in radio astronomy. Within the [astronomy] community, everybody knew that they were the go-to country." On the day, the Dish had to overcome a number of significant hurdles in order to play the critical role that it did. "The conditions at the time here were terrible," says John. "Just moments before the moonwalk began a violent wind squall hit the telescope. The Dish was fully tipped-over at its most vulnerable when it was hit by two gusts exceeding 110km/h, and that actually made the telescope slam back against its zenith axis pinions causing the tower to shudder and sway. "John Bolton, the Director of the observatory at the time, ordered his men to stay on the Dish, and just as Buzz Aldrin switched on the TV cameras, the winds abated and they received the signals. "The astronauts may very well have been on the Sea of Tranquillity on the moon, but it was most definitely the ocean of storms here at Parkes at the time."  (Source: National Portrait Gallery) For the first eight minutes of the broadcast NASA switched between the pictures that were being received by Parkes, Honeysuckle Creek and Goldstone, before finally settling on using Parkes' signal for the rest of the two-and-a-half hour moonwalk. The other significant challenge faced by the Parkes team involved the timing of the moon rise above NSW and the start of the moonwalk. Due to a change in the mission schedule, the moonwalk was to begin later than originally planned at 4.20pm AEST, meaning Parkes was to become the primary receiving station as the moon would've set in the USA. But Neil Armstrong decided to begin the moonwalk earlier, meaning the moon hadn't yet risen above Parkes. Just before 1pm the Parkes scientists thought of a solution to still be able to cover the landing. "John Bolton realised that if they positioned the [second, weaker] receiver just right, they could actually pick up the signal," says John. "Just as Buzz Aldrin switched on the TV camera, they were able to pick up the signal. "What started off with Parkes perhaps not getting any pictures, ended up with them getting the entire picture and the majority that the world saw. And all this happened during a wind squall." John says he's proud to work at the Dish and be surrounded by its rich history. "It was a great moment in the history of the Parkes Telescope. We allowed the world to witness that remarkable event with the greatest possible clarity, and at the time, the rest of the world had no idea what the conditions were like here. "When Armstrong said, 'It's a giant leap for mankind,' he meant it, and the world understood it as that," he says. "It really is something that Australians should be proud of." (Source: ABC News) |
Astrophysicists conduct research on the origins and properties of stars, planets, black holes and galaxies, using powerful telescopes located at astronomical observatories. Astrophysicists often work on solving specific problems such as why a particular galaxy has the shape that it has or how the gas clouds around a new star are constructed. Astrophysicists use their telescopes to collect data and then analyze what the data means using skills in physics and mathematics as well as deductive logic and problem-solving.
ANZSCO ID: 234914
Specialisations
Astrophysicists can specialize in various subfields within the broader discipline of astrophysics, focusing on specific aspects of the universe and celestial phenomena.
Here are some types of astrophysicists, each with its own specialized area of research:
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Cosmologist: Cosmologists study the large-scale structure, origin, evolution, and ultimate fate of the entire universe. They investigate topics such as cosmic microwave background radiation, dark matter, dark energy, and the overall geometry of the cosmos.
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Galactic Astronomer: Galactic astronomers focus on the study of galaxies, including our own Milky Way. They explore the structure, dynamics, and evolution of galaxies, as well as the formation and behavior of stars within them.
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Stellar Astrophysicist: Stellar astrophysicists specialize in the study of individual stars. They investigate stellar structure, formation, evolution, and the processes that govern the life cycle of stars, including nuclear fusion and stellar explosions.
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High-Energy Astrophysicist: High-energy astrophysicists study celestial phenomena that involve extremely energetic processes, such as black holes, neutron stars, supernovae, and active galactic nuclei. They often use instruments like X-ray and gamma-ray telescopes.
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Exoplanet Scientist: Exoplanet scientists focus on the discovery and characterization of planets outside our solar system (exoplanets). They study the formation, composition, and potential habitability of exoplanets, often using methods like transit photometry and radial velocity measurements.
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Astroparticle Physicist: Astroparticle physicists explore the intersection of particle physics and astrophysics. They investigate cosmic rays, neutrinos, and other high-energy particles to understand their origins and the fundamental forces at play in the universe.
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Solar Physicist: Solar physicists study the Sun, its magnetic activity, and its impact on the solar system. They investigate phenomena such as solar flares, sunspots, and the solar wind, contributing to our understanding of space weather.
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Radio Astronomer: Radio astronomers specialize in the study of celestial objects using radio waves. They often use radio telescopes to observe phenomena such as pulsars, quasars, and cosmic microwave background radiation.
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Gravitational Wave Astrophysicist: Scientists in this field study gravitational waves, ripples in spacetime caused by violent cosmic events such as the collision of black holes or neutron stars. They use detectors like LIGO and Virgo to detect and analyze gravitational wave signals.
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Computational Astrophysicist: Computational astrophysicists use advanced computer simulations to model complex astrophysical processes, such as galaxy formation, star formation, and the dynamics of cosmic structures.
| Did
You Know? Dr Adelle Goodwin, an Astrophysicist, from Curtin’s School of Electrical Engineering, Computing and Mathematical Sciences and the Curtin University node of the International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research (ICRAR), was named among 60 diverse, brilliant scientists, technologists, engineers, and mathematicians in 2022. (Source: Curtin University)  Dr Adelle Goodwin Read her article from The Conversation 1 December 2022  |
Knowledge, skills and attributes
Here are some hard and soft skills that may help an astrophysicist in their job. These include:
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Analytical: Developing your analytical skills is an important step when working as an astrophysicist. Astrophysicists conduct numerous research projects and analytical skills assist with gathering, interpreting, analysing and reporting data. Having analytical skills also helps these professionals break down information to draw conclusions.
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Reporting: Astrophysicists play an important role in furthering the research of astrophysics. The ability to test and also report data in a way that other professionals in the industry can use is critical. Reporting data in a clear manner is essential.
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Researching: is an important skill to have when working as an astrophysicist. It's an individual's ability to find and evaluate important and useful information about a certain subject. Research skills include using critical analysis, performing investigations and forming hypotheses or finding solutions.
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Communication: As an astrophysicist, communication skills are also of vital importance. Both written and verbal communication skills are beneficial, as they allow astrophysicists to explain very complex matters in easy-to-understand terms. This is especially true for teachers. Common types of communication include writing reports, summarising data, conducting interviews and providing presentations.
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Mathematical: Astrophysicists often use advanced mathematical skills to test theories and report data. Mathematical skills in courses like calculus and physics can help you in your role. Having good mathematical skills also means you have good analytical thinking skills, which are essential when conducting research.
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Problem-solving: Many astrophysicists solve a variety of problems related to their research. Skills in problem-solving allow them to identify the problem, create a hypothesis and take the necessary steps to prove or disprove the theory. They can also use this skill to implement solutions and evaluate their effectiveness.
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Did You Know? Dr Brett Addison CAMEO 27 April 2021 Australian astrophysicist, Dr Brett Addison, helps discover a new PLANET 490 light years away - but there are a few problems if humans plan to live on it An Australian astrophysicist has helped discover a new planet, TOI-1431b It is 490 light years away and would vaporise any metal on the human body The planet's daytime temperature is 2700C making it impossible to live there (Source: Daily Mail UK)  Dr Brett Addison TOI-1431b was first spotted by NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), but at that stage no one knew it was a planet. Dr Addison and his team had to do months of careful data analysis to prove that what was initially called a 'TESS object of interest' was indeed a planet. 'I could slowly start to see an orbit ... forming in the data, and as we collected more and more data I could see 'OK this is definitely a planet',' he said. 'It's so hot that absolutely nothing could survive. But it's still really interesting because we can study the atmosphere of these planets and understand how planets form and migrate.' TOI-1431b was not always were it is now, and did not form close to the star that now acts as its host. Over time it has migrated into the very tight orbit that creates its 'hellish' climate. Not content with standing out for its roaring temperature, the newly discovered planet is also orbiting backwards around its searing star. 'If you look at the solar system, all the planets orbit in the same direction that the sun rotates, and they're all along the same plane,' Dr Addison says. 'This new planet's orbit is tilted so much that it is actually going in the opposite direction to the rotation of its host star.' (Source: Daily Mail UK) Brett is an Adjunct Research Fellow at the University of Southern Queensland (UniSQ) in the Centre for Astrophysics. He is working with Prof. Rob Wittenmyer and his international team of collaborators on discovering and characterising new exoplanets using the MINERVA-Australis telescope array facility at the Mt. Kent Observatory in Queensland, Australia. He worked on his PhD at the University of New South Wales, titled “Measuring the Spin-Orbit Alignments of Extrasolar Planets”, which was conferred in April 2015. After completing his PhD, he moved to Mississippi State University in December 2015 for his first postdoctoral research position, before moving to UniSQ and joining the MINERVA-Australis team in August 2018. Brett’s research work involves the detection and characterisation of exoplanets. He is using MINERVA-Australis to carry out radial velocity follow-up observations of transiting planet candidates orbiting bright nearby stars found by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) that are observable from Mt. Kent. These observations are confirming new TESS planets as well as measuring their bulk properties such as mass, density, and orbital eccentricity. The aim of his research is to understand the diversity of exoplanets in our galaxy, their formation and migration processes, and the search for life on other planets. (Source: University of Southern Queensland) Articles from The Conversation written by Brett: |
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August 16, 2016 - Part 2 It’s all in the atmosphere: exploring planets orbiting distant stars Jonti Horner, University of Southern Queensland and Brett Addison, Mississippi State University - later of University of Southern Queensland The red hue of the moon during a total lunar eclipse gives astronomers at cue on how to find out more about the planets being discovered around other stars. |
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August 15 2016 [Part 1] It’s all in the rotation: exploring planets orbiting distant stars Jonti Horner, University of Southern Queensland and Brett Addison, Mississippi State University - - later of University of Southern Queensland More than three thousand planets have been found orbiting other stars in our galaxy. The challenge now is to find out more about these planets. |
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June 15, 2016 Explainer: How to find an exoplanet (part 2) Jonti Horner, University of Southern Queensland and Brett Addison, Mississippi State University A look at some of the more obscure methods astronomers use to detect planets around other stars, in the second of a two-part series on finding world’s elsewhere in the universe. |
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June 8, 2016 Explainer: How to find an exoplanet (part 1) Jonti Horner, University of Southern Queensland and Brett Addison, Mississippi State University Astronomers have discovered more than 3,000 planets around other stars, so far. In the first of a two-part series we look at how they find world’s elsewhere in the universe. |
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May 27, 2016 Stars with planets on strange orbits: what’s going on? Brett Addison, Mississippi State University and Jonti Horner, University of Southern Queensland Many of the new planets found in other star systems have some extraordinary orbital behavior. So what’s going on? |
Duties and Tasks
Because most astrophysicists work for either government agencies or universities, their responsibilities are often much broader than just collecting data and doing research. A long-term position as an astrophysicist can include teaching, overseeing Ph.D. candidates, writing grant proposals, reviewing the research of other scientists, giving speeches, attending conferences, managing a department and scheduling time at one of the powerful telescopes that astrophysicists depend on for their research. Despite all of these additional responsibilities and demands on their time, most astrophysicists still have a lot of leeway to conduct their own independent research.
Working conditions
The workplace of an astrophysicist can vary
depending on factors such as the nature of their research, the
institution they are affiliated with, and the specific projects they are
involved in. Astrophysicists can be found working in a range of
settings, including universities, research institutions, government
agencies, and observatories.
Many astrophysicists are employed by universities and research
institutions where they conduct research, teach courses, and supervise
graduate students. These academic settings provide access to
observatories, laboratories, and computational resources necessary for
their work. Astrophysicists often collaborate with colleagues on
research projects, contribute to the academic community through
publications, and engage in educational activities.
Tools and technologies
Astrophysicists use complex optical or radio telescopes to observe the universe and answer the fundamental questions of physics, such as how stars and galaxies are formed.
Education and training/entrance requirements
Astrophysicists require extensive education and training. You need to earn a bachelor's degree in science. To work as an astrophysicist, the first step is to complete an undergraduate degree in physics with an honours year, followed by a Ph.D. You then need to pursue a research career. These are normally jobs that last two to four years and you may take on a few of them in different countries before securing a permanent post.
Employment Opportunities
There are various opportunities for Astrophysicists in Australia with the CSIRO Australian Telescope National Facility being one of them. Others include:
Cosmology is a branch of science which studies
the evolution of our universe. A scientist who studies cosmology is
called a cosmologist. Cosmologists want to know what the universe was
like billions of years ago. They want to understand how it is today.
They also want to find out what the universe will be like billions of
years in the future.
To understand the universe, cosmologists first needed to know our place
in it. About 400 years ago, most people believed that Earth was at the
center of the universe. They thought the Moon, the Sun, and the other
planets all traveled around Earth. Nicholas Copernicus, Galileo Galilei,
and Isaac Newton helped us to learn the truth. We now know that the Moon
travels around Earth. Earth and the other planets in our solar system
travel around the Sun.
About 100 years ago, astronomer Edwin Hubble made observations that
showed the universe was getting bigger and bigger! This led most
cosmologists to believe in a theory called the Big Bang. The Big Bang
theory says the universe began with a huge explosion ten to twenty
billion years ago. Cosmologists think the universe did not exist before
the Big Bang. Some cosmologists think the universe will keep getting
bigger forever. Other cosmologists think the Universe will someday start
getting smaller. They think it will shrink until it no longer exists. No
one knows yet which opinion is correct.
Professor Brian Schmidt,
ANU Vice Chancellor (2016 - 2024), Cosmologist, Nobel Laureate
(Source:
Weekend Australian)
The Conversation 5 October 2011
ANZSCO ID: 234914
Alternative names:
Evolutionary Cosmologist, Observational Cosmologist, Theoretical
Cosmologist, Cosmology Data Scientist, Cosmology Research Scientist,
Cosmology Scientist
Knowledge, skills and attributes
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Patience and adaptability: As a cosmologist, you may spend a lot of time testing a particular theory without obtaining a definite answer or result. In times like this, it may benefit you to be patient with your work and adapt as the research project evolves.
Use of specialized software and equipment: Cosmologists use a variety of scientific instruments to collect data and test theories. They also work with various computer software programs for data entry and analysis and spend a lot of their time working with technology. -
Aptitude for mathematics and science: To analyze data and develop research plans, employers require cosmologists to have an aptitude for mathematics and science in addition to their extensive education in these fields. Being skilled in physics and mathematics may help you accurately conduct research and identify results.
-
Communication: Important parts of many cosmologists' responsibilities include speaking with others regarding their findings, writing grant applications for research funding and writing academic articles to publish their research results. As a result, both verbal and written communication skills can aid a cosmologist in their work.
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Precision and attention to detail: Much of a cosmologist's work involves recording data and research results for future analysis. Being precise in their measurements and exact in their data collection can help ensure that they perform reliable and valid research.
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Collaboration and evaluation: Cosmologists often conduct their research alongside other scientists, and this work relies on their ability to collaborate and work together. This may include evaluating one another's work and being able to provide and receive feedback from other research team members.
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Data analysis and synthesis: Cosmologists work with a significant amount of data, and their job duties may involve refining data to identify patterns and trends. As a cosmologist, it can benefit you if you're comfortable synthesizing large data sets using computer programs, as this can help you complete data-driven work more efficiently.
WSU Master Class: Inflationary Cosmology with
Prof. Alan Guth
https://youtu.be/ZjTrWSkkD8I?si=rp87JeX6FjWc-pUi
Duties and Tasks
A cosmologist's job duties can include:
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Conduct research to investigate the fundamental questions about the origin and evolution of the universe.
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Develop and test mathematical models and computer simulations to study cosmological phenomena and predict cosmic events.
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Analyze data collected from telescopes, satellites, and other astronomical instruments to gain insights into cosmic structures and phenomena.
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Collaborate with other cosmologists, astrophysicists, and researchers to discuss findings, exchange ideas, and tackle complex cosmological problems.
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Publish research papers in scientific journals and present findings at conferences to contribute to the collective knowledge of cosmology.
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Participate in the design and development of new astronomical instruments and technologies to advance cosmological research.
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Study the cosmic microwave background radiation to gain insights into the early universe and its composition.
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Investigate the role of dark matter and dark energy in the evolution and large-scale structure of the universe.
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Explore the formation and evolution of galaxies, galaxy clusters, and other cosmic structures.
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Examine the cosmic expansion and potential implications for the fate of the universe.
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Collaborate with physicists and researchers in related fields to understand the interactions between cosmology and particle physics.
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Propose and lead observational projects to study specific cosmic phenomena or regions of the universe.
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Stay updated on the latest developments in cosmological theories, astronomical observations, and scientific instruments.
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Teach and mentor students pursuing degrees and careers in cosmology and related fields.
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Did You Know? Difference between a cosmologist and an astronomer The primary difference between a cosmologist and an astronomer is their research. Both cosmologists and astronomers are interested in understanding and testing theories about the way the universe works. Although they can often share work environments and collaborate on projects, their research and job duties differ. Cosmologists study theories about the creation and development of the universe. This includes theories about the history of the universe, like the Big Bang theory and particle physics. Astronomers, conversely, are primarily interested in celestial bodies, meaning things that exist in space. This includes planets, stars and galaxies. (Source: Indeed) |
Working conditions
Cosmologists study, examine and work out
theories including string theory, dark energy, dark matter, multiverses
and and how many dimensions there may be in our universe. Although it is
possible that you may spend some of your time looking through a
telescope, this isn't very common for a cosmologist. Instead, they work
with data collected by others, usually on computers, analyzing it, while
exploring and testing theories.
Depending on the work you do, and which area of cosmology you specialize
in, it is possible you may be working with large and expensive
equipment, like particle accelerators or nuclear reactors. However, even
then, most of the work is done in an office on a computer.
Cosmologists typically work in academic institutions, research centers, or observatories. They may also work for governmental agencies or private organizations involved in space exploration and astronomy. The work environment often involves a combination of theoretical work, computer modeling, and data analysis. Cosmologists may work irregular hours, especially during observation campaigns and research deadlines. They may also have opportunities to collaborate with international research teams and participate in conferences worldwide.
Tools and technologies
A cosmologist is a scientist who uses space-based and ground-based telescopes and satellites to study the properties of the universe, including planets, black holes and galaxies. They obtain data and observe certain aspects of astronomical objects, including distance, size, motion and brightness. Cosmologists use their data to test and create theories, such as string theory and theories of dark matter, regarding various phenomena. Their work can lead to practical and scientific advancements in electronics, energy, navigation and medical technology.
Education and training/entrance requirements
1. Pursue a bachelor's degree
If you're interested in becoming a cosmologist, the first step is to get
your bachelor's degree. To prepare yourself for this career, consider
taking undergraduate courses in mathematics, science, philosophy and
astronomy. Majoring in astronomy may help prepare you for a career as a
cosmologist, as it provides you with an introduction to many concepts
and theories that are important in cosmology.
2. Apply for an internship
In the fields of cosmology and astronomy, you may increase your chances
of finding a cosmology-related position if you obtain professional
experience, so consider applying for a cosmology research internship
while obtaining your undergraduate degree. Alternatively, you can pursue
an internship right after you graduate. A cosmology internship might
include helping professors with their research or working in a
laboratory.
A cosmology internship can help you develop a better understanding of
the role and responsibilities of a cosmologist. Internships can also
allow you to network and meet those in the field that might assist you
with future opportunities.
3. Obtain a Ph.D. in a related field
In order to become a professional cosmologist , employers require a
Ph.D. in a related field like physics, mathematics or astronomy. Work as
a cosmologist relies on adequate knowledge in all three fields. This
profession uses advanced mathematics like algebra and calculus, so
consider focusing on these areas while in a graduate program.
In university, you may also want to
familiarize yourself with field-specific concepts like electromagnetism,
quantum mechanics and thermodynamics. Some universities employ
cosmologists to conduct research for the faculty,
so getting your Ph.D. can also help you meet people working as
university researchers that may connect you with professional
opportunities.
4. Find a post-doctorate research position or fellowship
Once you have a Ph.D. in a related field, you're able to apply for
cosmologist positions. However, some employers may prefer a candidate
who has professional experience and academic credentials, which means it
could benefit you to look for a post-doctorate research position or
fellowship. These opportunities allow you to apply your advanced
knowledge and skills in a practical environment. During this time, you
also work with established professionals who can guide your development
and potentially serve as recommenders for any full-time cosmology
positions to which you apply.
Employment Opportunities
Cosmologists can find employment in academia,
with the government and with research groups.
Additionally, both public and private organizations hire cosmologists to
conduct research or help develop products. Some organizations that hire
cosmologists include:
Space education centres
Aerospace companies
Space physics laboratories
Planetariums and observatories
Astronomical equipment manufacturers
| Did
You Know? Research within Australia includes: Galaxies and Cosmology The problem of when and how galaxies formed continues to occupy large amounts of telescope and computer simulation time. Galaxies are complex stellar systems with numerous physical processes. These processes include star formation, stellar dynamics, gas dynamics, and includes the role of the dark matter which is their major constituent. Having forming galaxies can interact with their environment and other galaxies. Outright mergers may occur leading to the formation of a new galaxy. Extragalactic research is a dominant theme in Australian astronomy, and is carried out within almost every university and government research group. Groups within Australian that work on galaxies & cosmology include: The Astronomy and Astrophysics group at the Australian National University employ an observational approach to study galaxy morphology and galaxy formation. The twin Gemini telescopes on Mauna Kea and Cerro Pachon enable researchers to look back in time on the formation of other galaxies and compare observations to theoretical models of galaxy formation. The Astrophysics Group at ANU’s Mathematical Sciences Institute are currently involved in using dark matter models of the early universe to study the impact of the first generation of stars and black holes on the re-ionisation of the Universe. This study is expected to elucidate the processes that are important in determining the morphology of the universe as it emerges from the “dark ages”. The group is also involved in investigating the origin of Type Ia Supernovae, and the limitations in their use as standard candles for probing the large scale structure of the universe. The Galaxy formation and Cosmology group at Swinburne University’s Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing take a different approach, utilizing advanced computer technology and specially developed computer code to model galactic evolution. They employ a broad range of complementary approaches to modeling the formation of galaxies, each with their own unique strengths including: Collisionless Dark Matter, Adaptive Mesh Refinement, Gravitational Tree N-body + SPH and Semi-Analytical Models. The Extragalactic Group at Swinburne is studying galaxy formation and evolution via observation and modelling. The group regularly obtains observations on some of the world’s best telescopes (including Hubble Space Telescope, Keck, Gemini and Parkes). These observations allow astronomers to probe the role of environment in galaxy evolution, and to identify the epoch of galaxy assembly. The University of Melbourne is engaged in several theoretical investigations of galactic structure, including a first-principles analysis of the statistical mechanics of self-gravitating systems (with implications for the origin of the de Vaucouleurs profile in merger remnants), and the origin of the magnetic field in galaxy clusters (as inferred from Faraday rotation measure data acquired with the VLA and Australia Telescope National Facility). There is also an active program in the study of HI in nearby galaxies, including the determination of the HI mass function, the Tully-Fisher Relation, and the distribution of HI in groups and clusters of galaxies. The group also uses gravitational lensing to study a wide range of topics, including the dark matter halos of galaxies, microlensing and other areas of statistical lensing. The Astrophysics Group at the University of Sydney is using data from SUMSS and NVSS in conjunction with the 2dF and 6dF galaxy redshift surveys, to explore the radio luminosity functions of both AGN and starburst galaxies and their evolution with redshift. SUMSS and NVSS data are also being used, together with optical, infrared and ATCA radio data, to identify and study the most distant and the largest radio galaxies. Analytic calculations, simulations, and observations of gravitational lens systems are all undertaken at the University of Sydney. The lensed sources range from galaxies and quasars, to massive stars and gamma-ray bursters, with the common feature that they are all cosmologically distant. The work is aimed at using gravitational lensing to explore the distant Universe — both the sources in it, and its matter content. In particular, the nature and distribution of the dark matter are key questions which are under investigation. (Source: Astronomy Australia) |
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