
Manufacturing &
Production

Marine Surveyor
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Marine or naval architects are qualified engineers who design and oversee
the construction and repair of marine craft and floating structures. This
includes commercial and military ships, warships,
boats, submarines, passenger and cargo ships, cruise
liners, high-speed ferries and catamarans, tugs, yachts and offshore
oil rigs.

Naval architects design and oversee the construction, survey and
repair of marine craft and floating structures, including naval
craft, passenger and cargo ships, submarines, high-speed ferries and
catamarans, tugs, boats, yachts and oil rigs.
They focus on the form, arrangement and stability of marine
structures and their movement through water.
Naval architects manage and take responsibility
for the activities of a team to ensure that a safe, environmentally
sound and seaworthy design is produced.
ANZSCO ID:
233916
Specialisations:
Naval architects may specialise in structure and design, management,
cost calculations, manufacturing processes, research, mechanical
practices, hydrodynamics and hydrostatics, stability, propulsion or
systems engineering.
Alternative names:
Marine Architect
Knowledge, skills and attributes
To become a naval architect,
you would need:
-
interested in the marine environment
-
maths, physics and wide-ranging engineering knowledge and
aptitude
-
enjoy technical and engineering activities
-
practical problem solving skills
-
well-developed computer aided design (CAD) skills
- practical and creative ability
-
the ability to work effectively with a wide range
of other professionals
- able to work independently or as part of a team
-
a logical and enquiring mind
-
sound judgement
- able to accept responsibility
-
a strong appreciation of risk and safety issues
-
good communication skills.

Bart de Haan, Director of
Operations and Nick Tot, Naval Architect at the Dutch studio, Diana
Yacht Design.
(Source:
SuperYachtTimes)
Duties and Tasks
- Engages in research and development work specialising
in design and construction of ships and other vessels.
- Consults with specialists to co-ordinate design of
vessel.
- Carries out surveys of ships’ hulls, superstructures
and equipment, and measures ships for tonnage and freeboard.
- Conducts investigations into such matters as
structural faults and losses due to capsize, on behalf of parties
involved in litigation.
- Designs yachts and other small vessels
- Design ships and boats, and
other marine craft
- Design floating structures
such as offshore oil platforms
- Prepare design plans using
computer software
- Prepare preliminary designs
by consulting with clients such as ship owners, ship builders, shipping
organisations and maritime research institutes
- Estimate the initial vessel
construction costs and lifetime running costs of a vessel
- Determine the most suitable
type and size for a vessel and ensure proposed designs meet performance
and cost requirements
- Determine the proportions
and shape of the hull (body) of the vessel
- Design accommodation and
cargo areas
- Make calculations relating
to the structural and mechanical aspects of design, construction and
repair
- Make calculations relating
to the stability of the vessel and prepare the stability book to go on
board the vessel to be used by the master and officers
- Supervise other people who
prepare detailed designs, specifications and building contracts
- Coordinate the work of
other engineers
- Obtain plan approval and
supervise construction work
- Plan, supervise and
evaluate dockside and sea trials of the vessel
- Survey vessels
- Organise repairs and
modifications to vessels
- Research efficient ways for
vessels to move through water
- Provide risk assessment and
claims management for insurance
- Use complex mathematical
and physical models to ensure the design is technically sound
- Ensure designs comply with
safety regulations and are seaworthy
- Plan the building process,
from concept through to delivery of the final product
- Coordinate the work of
engineering design teams
- Undertake risk analysis of
ships and marine structures
- Coordinate repair work on
vessels or floating structures.

Naval Architect at
work
(Source:
Marine Knowledge)
Working conditions
In a full-time role, you would usually work a
standard number of hours per week. If you were working on the
construction or repair of structures such as offshore oil platforms,
you may work a greater number of hours over weeks or months,
followed by longer periods of time on shore leave.
A naval architect usually works from an office
when designing or drawing, although some time may be spent on-site
in shipyards, or onboard ships for sea trials in various weather
conditions. Naval architects can work for
shipyards, design firms and consultancies, naval classification
societies, boat and ship repair companies, oil and gas engineering
companies or the Australian Defence Force.
Most naval architects would work in an office environment, or in
facilities such as ship building yards. You might also spend some
time on board vessels for sea trials, or on offshore oil rigs. You
may experience poor weather and rough seas.
Tools and technologies
Naval architects use drawing and measuring instruments and
materials, as well as computer-aided design (CAD) and engineering
software packages. They may also use a variety of stands and
equipment for making and displaying three-dimensional models of
their designs. Naval architects may also supervise emergency
underwater repair work on offshore vessels that cannot dock. They
may develop and design underwater technology such as computerised
buoys and underwater welding and drilling equipment, and underwater
robots.
Education and training/entrance requirements
You need a bachelor degree in engineering majoring in naval
architecture to work as a Naval Architect. Postgraduate studies may
also be useful. A number of universities in
Australia offer degrees in engineering with a major in naval
architecture.
To get into these courses you usually need to gain your senior
secondary school certificate or equivalent. Mathematics, physics and
chemistry would be appropriate subjects to study prior to
university.
The special area of practice of Naval Architecture is the
responsibility of the Joint Board for Naval Architecture, formed by
Engineers Australia and the Royal Institution of Naval Architects
(RINA). A Competency Panel, appointed by the Joint Board, is
responsible for setting the standards for assessment and audits.
Additional Information
Students and graduates can apply for membership of
Engineers Australia, and the Royal Institution of Naval Architects (RINA).
RINA offers student membership, as well as information and guidance on how
to become a chartered professional naval architect.
Employment Opportunities
Employment of marine or naval architects is projected to grow about
as fast as the average for all occupations.
The need to design ships and systems to transport energy
products, such as liquefied natural gas, across the globe will help
to spur employment growth for this occupation.
Naval architects can be employed in naval architecture
consultancies, shipyards, international ship classification
societies, boat and shipbuilding firms, boat and ship repair and
maintenance companies, port and harbour authorities, shipping lines
and offshore engineering oil and gas companies.
Opportunities may also exist with mining companies engaged in
offshore exploration and manufacturers of marine auxiliary
machinery, navigational aids and communications equipment.
Did You Know?
Shipbuilding has been a significant industrial activity in
Tasmania since the early colonial period. It flourished through the
need for vessels to carry the greater part of commerce around the
Tasmanian coast, interstate and overseas. Most of the vessels have
been built between Hobart and the Huon in southern Tasmania, due to
the availability of timber in the southern forests and the sheltered
waterways.
“The British were not only attracted to Van Diemen’s Land because of
its suitability as an island penal colony fortress, but, because it
had an abundance of timbers such as the famous Huon, King Billy and
celery top pines,” says Paul Cullen, the long-time director of
Hobart’s biennial Wooden Boat Festival.
As Paul explains, the UK had a shortage of suitable boat building
timber and the Huon had an abundance, locked up for thousands of
years. So it made sense to send a few thousand convicts there to
help the logging.

Gordon River Tasmania
(Source:
AustralianWoodWork)
Huon Pine only grows in the wet, temperate rainforests of South West
Tasmania – on the whole planet! ‘Lagarostrobus franklinii’ (its
proper name) is not actually a pine and is the only member of its
family, so a pretty unique tree which grows extremely slowly,
averaging just 1 millimetre in girth per year. They can grow to be
2,500 years old which means some of them started life BC! Add to
this the fact that they do not start to reproduce until 600 to 800
years of age and you have a very special tree whose timber also has
remarkable properties. The timber has a very high oil content,
methyl eugenol to be precise, which renders it impervious to
insects, waterproof, and imbues it with its characteristic sappy
perfume. The high oil content also means the timber can be bent,
shaped, worked and sculpted without splitting and finishes to a
superb, fine lustre. Pale straw coloured when first cut, it ages to
a rich honey gold.
A Little Bit Of History
The early settlers discovered the remarkable properties of Huon Pine
and saw its potential for boat building, resistant as it was to
those perennial problems of the boat builder, marine borer and screw
worm. It turned out to be the best boat building timber in the world
and was exploited heavily in the early days, driving a huge industry
based on this ‘green gold’.
Interestingly, concern for the future of these venerable giants
started early in the last century – even back then it was apparent
that there would be no next generation of trees to be had, their
slow growth precluding the possibility of plantation farms.
The felling of green Huon Pines stopped completely in the 1970’s
after a consensus that it was neither sustainable nor prudent to cut
down trees that were 1000 years old. However, a careful stockpiling
operation was begun when trees were felled and collected prior to
the flooding of several valleys to create dams for hydro electric
schemes. For decades these logs were tied into huge rafts and left
to float unperturbed on the water until needed. The stockpile
created when Lake Gordon was flooded in 1972 still supplies the
majority of logs released for use each year.
The retrieval of stumps left over from old logging is another source
of salvage timber and led to the discovery of tons of ancient buried
Huon pine logs, some dated at 38,000 years old and still intact
despite being buried in the damp earth all that time.

(Source:
AustralianWoodWork)
Who Controls The Stocks?
85% of remaining Huon Pine forests are conserved in National Parks
while 15% is managed by Forestry Tasmania for salvage. Forestry
Tasmania controls and surveys ALL salvage/harvest sites and only 3
sawmills are licensed to process logs.
Is It Sustainable?
Because of the strict control by Forestry Tasmania and the granting
of only 3 licenses to cut Huon pine sawlog, it is estimated that the
supplies of salvaged dead timber will last for another 2
generations. After that these ancient giants in the remaining
forests will be left in peace to carry on long after we have gone –
we hope that future governments adhere to this policy, and now is
the moment to say “hats off to Bob Brown” for all he and his
supporters did to protect the remaining forests and wild rivers of
South West Tasmania.
What Is Huon Pine Used For Now?
As mentioned, Huon Pine is the boat building timber nonpareil and
remains so today. It is much prized for furniture making and
cabinetry work especially the bird’s eye and figured timbers. It is
also used for small artefacts, homewares, souvenirs and creative
woodcraft.

Houn Pine Boat
(Source:
AustralianWoodWork)
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Manufacturing & Production
    
Marine surveyors examine marine vessels to
assess the quality, safety, and compliance
with standards or specifications, the
condition of their structure, machinery and equipment. They ensure
vessels are constructed, equipped and maintained according to safety
standards and are seaworthy. They check design plans, and ensure the
construction of marine vessels complies with marine industry
standards. Marine surveyors periodically
perform inspections to ensure acceptable standards are maintained
throughout the ship's life. They may inspect passenger and cargo
ships, commercial charter craft, fishing vessels, recreational craft,
yachts, cruise liners, high-speed
ferries, small boats
and crude oil carriers.
They also recommend appropriate repairs and
investigate marine accidents.
ANZSCO ID:
231215
Alternative names:
Ship's Surveyor; Maritime Surveyor
Specialisations:
Marine surveyors may specialise in the
examination of a particular aspect of a vessel such as marine
mechanical equipment or the assessment of decks or hulls. With the
appropriate training and accreditation, marine surveyors may work in
multiple specialisations.
Classification Society
Marine Surveyor - inspects ships, components and machinery to ensure
they are built according to the standards required for their class,
and examines accident damage.
Government Marine Surveyor - inspects ships, components and
machinery to ensure they meet crew and passenger safety regulations
and construction standards. They may also assess and approve safety
reports and plans, and examine candidates for certificates of
competency.
Private Marine Surveyor - examines ships and their cargoes,
investigates accidents in port and at sea (oil spillages, for
example) and prepares accident reports for insurance purposes.
Knowledge, skills and attributes
- enjoy the sea
and maritime activities
- to enjoy practical activities
- problem-solving ability
- a good grasp of mathematics and measuring
- an
inquisitive mind with attention to detail
- good written
and verbal communication skills
- aptitude for
using computers
- an understanding of safety procedures and regulations
- able to work
with a variety of people - good
teamwork skills

At work
(Source:
TargetRHR)

Initial Inspection
(Source:
Maritime Survey
Australia)
Duties and Tasks
Marine surveyors may perform the following tasks:
-
Examines and approves design plans of hulls and
equipment such as main propulsion engines, auxiliary boilers and
turbines, electrical power generating plant, refrigeration and
air-conditioning plant and pumping systems.
-
Conducts periodic surveys throughout a ship's life
to ensure standards are maintained.
- inspect standards of construction and witness tests
of materials
- inspect hulls, machinery and equipment during ship
construction to ensure standards and legislative requirements are met
- inspect or survey marine vessels with regard to
quality, safety and seaworthiness
- ensure vessels comply with international standards or
specifications
- conduct surveys throughout the ship's life to ensure
standards are maintained
- perform inspections required by domestic statutes and
international conventions
- inspect cargoes of seagoing vessels to certify
compliance with national and international health and safety regulations
in cargo handling and stowage
- recommend appropriate repairs to marine vessels
- inspect cargo handling devices to identify
maintenance needs or issues
- witness tests and operation of emergency and safety
machinery and equipment
- measure ships for tonnage and survey them for load
line assignment
- examine vessels in relation to insurance claims, and
write detailed reports
- attend court as an expert witness and assist with
coronial enquiries
- investigate marine accidents

On rig
(Source:
Your Career)
Working conditions
As a marine surveyor you would be expected to
work a set number of hours per week, usually in daylight hours, but
this may include weekends. Nearly all
marine survey work is done outside at a port or slipway. Marine
surveyors spend some of their time based in an office. They also
spend considerable time outdoors in harbours or out at sea, in
various weather conditions. They may be required to travel for work,
and sometimes they need to base themselves at the location of the
ship for the duration of their project.
In addition to working at a specific port, you may need to
travel to other ports and where individual vessels are docked.
Marine surveyors may spend periods of time at sea, or away from
home. Conditions on board ships and offshore platforms can be rough
and you would work in all types of weather.
Tools and technologies
Marine surveyors may use infrared thermography
and multimeters to assess electrical wiring and damage on vessels,
moisture meters to check leaks in hulls, waterproof flexible cameras
to inspect fuel and water tanks, carbon monoxide detectors to check
for exhaust problems, as well as cameras to document evidence. They
must also regularly consult maritime standards and codes to
establish the seaworthiness of vessels.
Education and training/entrance requirements
To become a marine surveyor, you need to study
a qualification in marine surveying.
The International Diploma of Commercial
Marine Surveying and the Advanced Diploma of Commercial Marine
Surveying are offered by the Australasian Institute of Marine
Surveyors, the largest industry body in the Australasian region for
professional marine surveyors. These are the only courses in marine
surveying available in Australia. The courses are delivered online.
However, there are practical components that require access to a
vessel between seven and 35 metres in length.
To become a marine surveyor you usually have to complete a VOC
qualification in maritime operations (marine surveying). As subjects
and prerequisites can vary between institutions you should contact
your chosen institution for more information.
You can also become a marine surveyor with a degree in applied
science, specialising in marine surveying. To get into this course
you usually need to gain your HSC/ACT Year 12. Prerequisite
subjects, or assumed knowledge, in one or more of mathematics,
chemistry and physics are normally required. Contact the Australian
Maritime College at the University of Tasmania for more information
as requirements may change.
Entry to this occupation may be improved if you have experience in
another occupation [Marine Engineer, Naval
Architect, Ship's Officer
or Shipwright].
Employment Opportunities
Marine surveyors work for port authorities, shipping companies,
insurance companies, government agencies and classification
societies. Private marine surveyors work for ship owners and
operators, insurance companies, freight forwarders (companies that
arrange for the transport of goods) and consignees (people who
receive goods).
With the changing nature of the international shipping environment
and technological advances, there is likely to be more emphasis on
specialist maritime areas in the future at the expense of the
traditional marine surveyor.
Depending on their area of work, a marine surveyor could be asked to
travel overseas to investigate causes of accidents or damage to
cargoes.
The boom in the cruising industry, and the greater volume of
international cargo in and out of Australian ports, has increased
the need for marine surveyors to inspect these vessels and ensure
compliance with international regulations.
Related Jobs or
Working with these Jobs
(Jobs not linked are currently being worked on)
Material sourced from
Jobs & Skills WA [Naval
Architect;
Marine Surveyor; ]
CareerHQ [Marine
or Naval Architect;
Marine Surveyor; ]
CareersOnline [Naval
Architect;
Marine
Surveyor; ]
Your Career [Naval
Architect;
Marine Surveyor; ]
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